1. Keeb kwm kev loj hlob
PBO tau tsim los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb hauv kev tsim kho aerodynamics los ntawm United States Air Force. Lub hauv paus patent rau polybenzoxazole yog thawj zaug los ntawm Stanford Research Institute (SRI) ntawm Stanford University hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Tom qab ntawd, Dow Chemical Company tau txais kev tso cai thiab kev tsim kho PBO, thaum tseem txhim kho tus qauv kev sib txuas ntawm monomer. Cov txheej txheem tshiab tsim yuav luag tsis muaj isomeric by-products, nce cov txiaj ntsig ntawm synthesized monomer thiab tso lub hauv paus rau industrialization. Xyoo 1990, Toyobo Co., Ltd. ntawm Nyiv tau yuav PBO patent technology los ntawm Dow Chemical Company. Hauv xyoo 1991, Dow-Badische Fibers Inc. tau tsim PBO fiber ntau ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm Toyobo Co., Ltd., ua kom lub zog thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm PBO fiber ntau rau ob zaug ntawm PPTA fiber ntau. Nyob rau hauv 1994, nrog kev tso cai los ntawm Dow-Badische Fibers Inc., Toyobo Co., Ltd. tau nqis peev 3 billion Japanese yen los tsim cov kab ntau lawm nrog txhua xyoo tso zis ntawm 400 tons ntawm PBO monomers thiab 180 tons ntawm spinning. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1995, nws tau pib ua ib feem ntawm kev tsim khoom, thiab los ntawm 1998, lub peev xwm tsim tau mus txog 200 tons / xyoo, nrog lub npe lag luam Zylon. Raws li Toyobo txoj kev loj hlob rau Zylon, lub peev xwm ntau lawm yuav tsum ncav cuag 380 tons / xyoo hauv 2000, 500 tons / xyoo hauv 2003, thiab 1000 tons / xyoo hauv 2008. Tam sim no, Toyobo Co., Ltd. tseem yog tib lub tuam txhab hauv lub ntiaj teb muaj peev xwm ua lag luam tsim PBO fiber ntau.
2.Lub zeem muag ntawm PBO Fiber Development
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov teb chaws tsim thiab cheeb tsam xws li Europe, Amelikas, thiab Nyij Pooj tau siv dav siv cov khoom siv fiber ntau ntxiv hauv kev tsim cov tsev siab, cov txuas hniav loj, thiab kev tsim kho dej hiav txwv. Los ntawm impregnating fiber ntau daim ntaub nrog epoxy resin thiab adhering nws mus rau lub pob zeb nto, lub load-bearing muaj peev xwm thiab av qeeg tsis kam ntawm tus thawj qauv tuaj yeem txhim kho tau zoo. Ntxiv mus, hauv kev tsim choj, steel cables tsis tuaj yeem siv rau txuas txuas ntev dua vim lawv qhov hnyav. Hloov chaw, muaj kev nyiam rau cov kab sib dua thiab muaj zog dua. Cables ua los ntawm PBO fibers, uas muaj lub zog siab, zoo seem stability, yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws xaiv.
PBO fibers tau maj mam hloov cov khoom siv asbestos hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kub-resistant thiab tam sim no tab tom tshawb nrhiav cov ntawv thov hauv qab 350 degree los hloov cov nplaim hluav taws xob xws li cov tshuaj tsw qab polyamides. Tshaj 350 degree, lawv hloov cov inorganic fibers xws li stainless hlau los yog ceramic fibers. Txij li thaum inorganic fibers yog ib qho nyuaj thiab nquag khawb uas cuam tshuam rau lawv cov kev ua tau zoo, PBO fibers muaj peev xwm kov yeej cov kev tsis txaus no. Yav dhau los, qhov kub tsis kam ntawm cov organic fibers tsis txaus (feem ntau hauv qab 400 degree), uas txwv lawv txoj kev txhim kho. Txawm li cas los xij, PBO fibers muaj qhov kub thiab txias ntawm 650 degree, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov organic fibers. Yog li, nws muaj peev xwm hloov pauv cov organic fibers nrog PBO fibers hauv cov ntawv thov saum toj no 350 degree qhov twg cov organic fibers yav tas los nyuaj rau siv, yog li nthuav dav thiab txhim kho daim ntawv thov ntawm PBO fiber ntau cov ntaub ntawv kub-resistant.
Kev tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb qhia tias PBO fibers muaj ntau daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv lwm yam xws li hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev cov ntaub ntawv, satellite detection, lub teeb yuag khoom, automotive kev lag luam, thiab kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv roj. PBO fibers siv nyob rau hauv high-ceev tsheb ciav hlau lub cev tsis tsuas yog txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsheb tab sis kuj nce nws lub zog. Siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm PBO fibers, ntau yam kev tiv thaiv corrosion-resistant khaub ncaws tuaj yeem ua. Nyob rau hauv aerospace, kom txo tau lub nra hnyav, PBO fibers yog tsim rau ua fasteners thiab straps siv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm cosmic kub ntawm -10 degree mus rau 460 degree, lawv tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv rau kev ntsuas kub-resistant balloons. Hauv kev sib tw ncaws pob kev caij nkoj, kev caij nkoj yog tsim los ntawm lub zog siab, siab-modulus fiber ntau ua phaj zoo li nyias cov ntaub ntawv. Txhawm rau txo qis deformation thaum lub nkoj tau los ntawm cua, qhov siab tshaj plaws modulus PBO fibers yuav tsum tau nrhiav kev sib tw sailing sails. Muab cov khoom zoo heev ntawm PBO fibers, lawv kuj yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim golf clubs, tennis rackets, ski ncej, ski boards, surfboards, archery bowstrings, thiab kev sib tw tsheb kauj vab.
Kev tshawb fawb thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb thiab kev tsim kho thiab kev lag luam ntawm PBO fibers tuaj yeem ua rau Tuam Tshoj kom tsis txhob muaj kev tswj hwm mus sij hawm ntev thiab kev ywj pheej ntawm cov cuab yeej siv txawv teb chaws, pib rau txoj hauv kev ntawm kev ywj pheej tshiab, ci ntsa iab, thiab kev siv dav hauv kev tsim kho hauv tsev thiab loj. ntawm PBO fibers. Qhov no yuav pab txhawb kev txhim kho thiab kev siv cov khoom siv PBO ua haujlwm tau zoo hauv Suav teb aerospace, kev tiv thaiv hauv tebchaws, tub rog, thiab kev lag luam pej xeem.
3.Fiber Khoom
Raws li Toyobo cov lus ceeb toom, lawv cov khoom siv high-end PBO fiber ntau muaj lub zog ntawm 5.8 GPa (qhia raws li 5.2 GPa hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees), ib qho qauv ntawm 180 GPa, uas yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj fibers uas twb muaj lawm; Nws tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias txog li 600 degree, nrog rau qhov txwv tsis pub oxygen index ntawm 68, thiab tsis kub hnyiab los yog poob rau hauv cov nplaim taws, ua kom pom kev kub hnyiab thiab nplaim taws ntau dua li lwm cov organic fiber. Nws yog tsuas yog siv rau tshav kub-resistant industrial textiles thiab fiber-reinforced cov ntaub ntawv.
Kev ua tau zoo sib piv ntawm PBO nrog rau lwm cov fibers ua haujlwm siab:
Raws li tuaj yeem pom los ntawm lub rooj, PBO fibers muaj lub zog zoo dua, kev hloov pauv, kub tsis kam, thiab nplaim hluav taws. Qhov tseem ceeb, lub zog ntawm PBO fibers tsis tsuas yog tshaj ntawm cov hlau fibers tab sis kuj tshaj li ntawm cov fibers. Tsis tas li ntawd, PBO fibers ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev cuam tshuam, kev puas tsuaj, thiab qhov ruaj khov. Lawv kuj yog lub teeb yuag thiab yoog raws, ua rau lawv zoo tagnrho cov ntaub ntawv raw khoom.
PBO, raws li kev ua tau zoo fiber ntau ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st, muaj qhov tshwj xeeb zoo ntawm lub cev thiab cov khoom siv kho mob nrog rau cov khoom siv tshuaj. Nws lub zog thiab modulus yog ob zaug ntawm Kevlar fibers thiab nws kuj qhia cov thermal kuj thiab nplaim retardancy ntawm meta-aramid fibers. Ntxiv mus, nws lub cev thiab tshuaj muaj zog ua tau zoo tshaj Kevlar fibers, uas tau coj mus rau qhov kev ua haujlwm siab fibers. Ib qho PBO filament nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 1 millimeter tuaj yeem nqa qhov hnyav ntawm 450 kilograms, uas yog ntau tshaj kaum npaug ntawm lub zog ntawm steel fibers.
4.Nto hloov kho ntawm PBO fibers
Kev txhim kho ntawm TIFSS (Interfacial Shear Strength) ntawm PBO fibers thiab cov resin matrix txhim kho, tab sis ntau dhau ntawm cov coupling cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua rau cov txheej tuab tuab ntawm tus neeg sawv cev sib txuas, uas ua rau txo TIFSS. Cov nyhuv etching ntawm plasma rau ntawm qhov chaw fiber ntau feem ntau ua rau tus neeg sawv cev sib txuas, ua kom muaj cov txheej txheem grafted crosslinking. Cov txheej txheem coupling no muab qee yam kev tiv thaiv rau cov fibers, yog li qhov poob ntawm σ (lub zog) ntawm PBO fibers tsis tseem ceeb.
Nws tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov txheej txheem ua ke ntawm kev hloov kho nrog cov coupling agents thiab plasma yog: cov ntsiab lus ntawm A -187 coupling agent ntawm 2%, argon low-temperature plasma treatment time for 2 min, siab ntawm 50Pa , thiab lub zog ntawm 30W. Ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm sib txuas xaiv, A-187 muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev txhim kho IFSS ntawm PBO fibers thiab epoxy resin, nrog rau cov ntsiab lus zoo ntawm 2%.
(1) Thaum cov ntsiab lus ntawm A-187 yog 2%, thiab argon low-temperature plasma kho mob yog 2min, 30W, thiab 50Pa, hloov kho PBO fiber's ΓIFSS (Interfacial Shear Strength) tuaj yeem ncav cuag siab li 10.44 MPa. Qhov no sawv cev rau 52% nce piv rau kev siv tsuas yog A-187 coupling tus neeg sawv cev rau kev hloov kho thiab nce 78% piv rau thawj fiber ntau ΓIFSS. Lub wettability ntawm PBO fibers kuj tau zoo heev.
(2) Rau PBO fibers hloov kho los ntawm argon low-temperature plasma ua ke nrog tus neeg sawv cev sib txuas, qhov poob ntawm ΓIFSS dhau sijhawm tsis tseem ceeb; qhov nce ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm kev sib cuag kuj tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb, uas qhia txog kev nyiam ntawm kev ruaj ntseg nrog me ntsis kev poob qis. Yog li ntawd, cov nyhuv degradation ntawm PBO fibers hloov los ntawm argon low-temperature plasma ua ke nrog tus neeg sawv cev sib txuas tsis tau hais.
5. Kev npaj
PBO yog npaj los ntawm kev daws polycondensation ntawm 4, 6-diaminoresorcinol hydrochloride (DAR·HCl) nrog terephthalic acid siv polyphosphoric acid (PPA) ua cov kuab tshuaj. Xwb, nws tuaj yeem ua ke siv P2O5 lub cev qhuav dej rau polycondensation. PPA ua haujlwm ob qho tib si ua kuab tshuaj thiab ua ib qho catalyst rau polycondensation.
Lub synthesis ntawm monomer diamino resorcinol tau ua tiav los ntawm American Dow Chemical Company, pib nrog trichlorobenzene ua raw khoom. Txoj kev no zam cov tiam ntawm isomers thaum lub sij hawm synthesis txheej txheem, yielding ib tug siab rov qab tus nqi, uas plays lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub industrial zus tau tej cov PBO.
Polymer dope yog spun siv txoj kev qhuav-ntub spinning, ua raws li kev ntxuav thiab ziab. Thaum cov tshuaj spinning yog yaj los ua cov kua siv lead ua kua thiab siv cov kua siv lead ua kua, nws tuaj yeem tsim cov qauv txuas ntxiv. Tus thawj spun fiber (AS fiber-standard hom) twb muaj lub zog ntawm ntau tshaj 3.53N / tex thiab elastic modulus tshaj 10.84N / tex. Txhawm rau ua kom cov modulus, kev kho cua sov tuaj yeem ua tau nyob ib puag ncig 600 degree, ua rau muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab (HM fiber ntau-siab modulus hom) nrog lub modulus ncav cuag 176.4N / tex thaum tuav tib lub zog.
6. Daim ntawv thov
PBO fibers yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lawv cov cua sov ua haujlwm zoo, siab zog, thiab siab modulus, ua rau lawv siv dav.
(1) Kev siv cov filament suav nrog cov khoom siv ntxiv rau cov khoom siv roj hmab xws li cov log tsheb, cov hlua khi, thiab cov hoses; reinforcing cov ntaub ntawv rau ntau yam yas thiab pob zeb; txhim kho cov khoom siv rau cov foob pob hluav taws thiab cov khoom sib xyaw; cov tswv cuab nruj thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv rau cov fiber ntau optic cables; txhawb fibers rau hluav taws xob cua sov xov hlau, lub mloog pob ntseg cables, thiab lwm yam hloov pauv nyob ntawm tej; high-tensile cov ntaub ntawv rau hlua thiab cables; cov ntaub ntawv lim cua kub-resistant rau high-temperature filtration; cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv rau cov cuaj luaj thiab cov mos txwv, cov tsho tiv thaiv cov mos txwv, cov kaus mom hlau tiv thaiv, thiab cov khoom siv dav hlau ua haujlwm siab; cov khoom ua si rau ntaus pob tesniv, speedboats, sib tw nkoj, thiab lwm yam .; qib siab hais lus diaphragms, cov ntaub ntawv sib txuas lus tshiab; aerospace cov ntaub ntawv, thiab lwm yam.
(2) Kev siv cov fibers thiab cov ntaub so ntswg muaj xws li cov fibers reinforcing rau cov ntaub ntawv sib txhuam thiab sealing gaskets; txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv rau ntau yam resins thiab plastics, thiab lwm yam.
(3) Kev siv cov xov paj suav nrog cov khaub ncaws tua hluav taws; tshav kub-resistant workwear rau lub cub tawg pem hauv ntej thiab vuam kev ua haujlwm; cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv rau kev txiav tsis kam, hnab looj tes ruaj ntseg, thiab khau kev nyab xeeb; haiv neeg tsav tsheb suits, jockey suits; ntau yam khaub ncaws ncaws pob thiab cov khoom siv ua kis las; Carrace pilot suits; anti-txiav khoom, thiab lwm yam.
(4) Kev siv cov fibers luv luv yog tsuas yog siv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tiv thaiv hluav taws xob hauv kev ua txhuas extrusion; cov ntaub ntawv lim cua kub-resistant rau high-temperature filtration; thermal tiv thaiv txoj siv sia, thiab lwm yam.