1. Keeb kwm kev loj hlob
PBO tau tsim los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb hauv aerodynamics los ntawm US Air Force. Lub hauv paus patent rau polybenzothiazole tau tuav los ntawm Stanford Research Institute (SRI) hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Tom qab ntawd, Dow Chemical Company tau txais daim ntawv tso cai thiab tsim kho PBO, thaum tseem txhim kho tus qauv monomer synthesis. Cov txheej txheem tshiab tsim yuav luag tsis muaj isomeric byproducts, nce cov txiaj ntsig ntawm synthesized monomers thiab tso lub hauv paus rau kev lag luam. Xyoo 1990, Nyiv Toyobo Co. tau yuav PBO patent thev naus laus zis los ntawm Dow Chemical. Hauv xyoo 1991, Dow-Badische Textile Company tau tsim PBO fiber ntau ntawm Toyobo cov cuab yeej, ua kom lub zog thiab cov qauv ntawm PBO fiber ntau rau ob npaug ntawm PPTA fiber ntau. Xyoo 1994, nrog kev tso cai los ntawm Dow-Badische Textile Company, Toyobo tau nqis peev 3 billion yen los tsim cov kab ntau lawm uas muaj peev xwm tsim tau 400 tons / xyoo ntawm PBO monomers thiab 180 tons / xyoo ntawm spinning. Ib feem mechanized ntau lawm pib nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1995, thiab los ntawm 1998, lub peev xwm ntau lawm mus txog 200 tons / xyoo, nrog rau cov khoom npe hu ua Zylon. Raws li Toyobo txoj kev tsim kho rau Zylon, lub peev xwm tsim tau yuav tsum ncav cuag 380 tons / xyoo los ntawm 2000, 500 tons / xyoo los ntawm 2003, thiab 1000 tons / xyoo los ntawm 2008. Tam sim no, Toyobo tseem yog tib lub tuam txhab hauv ntiaj teb muaj peev xwm ua lag luam. ua PBO fiber ntau.
2.Prospects rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm PBO Fibers
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov khoom siv fiber ntau ua tau zoo tau siv dav hauv kev tsim kho xws li cov tsev siab, cov choj loj, thiab kev tsim vaj tsev hauv hiav txwv hauv cov teb chaws thiab cheeb tsam xws li Europe, America, thiab Nyiv. Los ntawm impregnating fiber ntau daim ntaub nrog epoxy resin thiab adhering nws mus rau lub pob zeb nto, lub load-bearing muaj peev xwm thiab av qeeg tsis kam ntawm tus thawj qauv yuav ho txhim khu kev qha. Ntxiv mus, hauv kev tsim choj, steel cables tsis tuaj yeem siv rau txuas txuas ntev dua vim lawv qhov hnyav. Hloov chaw, muaj kev nyiam rau cov kab sib dua thiab muaj zog dua. Cov kab hluav taws xob ua los ntawm PBO fibers, uas muaj lub zog tshwj xeeb thiab kev ruaj ntseg zoo, yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj. PBO fibers tau maj mam hloov cov khoom siv asbestos hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kub-resistant thiab tam sim no tab tom tshawb nrhiav kev hloov pauv ntawm aromatic polyamides thiab lwm cov nplaim hluav taws kub ntawm qhov kub hauv qab 350 degree. Thaum kub siab tshaj 350 degree, lawv tab tom hloov cov hlau tsis muaj steel fibers lossis ceramic fibers thiab lwm yam inorganic fibers. Txij li thaum inorganic fibers yog ib qho nyuaj heev thiab nquag ua rau khawb uas cuam tshuam rau lawv cov kev ua tau zoo, PBO fibers yuav kov yeej qhov tsis zoo ntawm inorganic fibers. Yav dhau los, qhov kub tsis kam ntawm cov organic fibers tsis txaus (feem ntau hauv qab 400 degree), uas txwv lawv txoj kev txhim kho. Txawm li cas los xij, PBO fibers muaj qhov decomposition kub txog li 650 degree, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov organic fibers. Yog li, nws muaj peev xwm hloov pauv kev siv cov organic fibers hauv cov ntawv thov saum toj 350 degree nrog PBO fibers, yog li nthuav dav thiab tsim cov ntawv thov ntawm PBO fiber ntau cov ntaub ntawv kub-resistant. Kev tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb qhia tias PBO fibers muaj ntau yam kev siv hauv lwm qhov chaw xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev, kev tshawb pom satellite, cov khoom siv sib sib zog nqus, kev lag luam tsheb, thiab kev loj hlob hauv dej hiav txwv. Raws li cov khoom siv tsheb ciav hlau ceev ceev, PBO fibers tsis tsuas yog txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub cev tab sis kuj ua rau nws lub zog. Siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm PBO fibers, ntau yam kev tiv thaiv corrosion-resistant khaub ncaws tuaj yeem ua. Hauv kev tshawb nrhiav qhov chaw, kom txo qis lub nra hnyav, PBO fibers yog tsim los ua cov fasteners thiab cov hlua siv hauv qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm cosmic qhov chaw ib puag ncig kub los ntawm -10 degree mus rau 460 degree, nws kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov khoom siv rau kev ntsuas kub-resistant balloons. Nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm kev sib tw caij nkoj caij nkoj, caij nkoj yog tsim los ntawm cov ntawv zoo li nyias daim hlau ua los ntawm cov muaj zog thiab high-modulus fibers. Txhawm rau txo qhov deformation ntawm cov sails thaum raug cua, lub siab tshaj plaws modulus PBO fibers yuav tsum tau nrhiav rau zus tau tej cov kev sib tw sails. Muab cov khoom zoo heev ntawm PBO fibers, lawv kuj yog cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim golf clubs, tennis rackets, ski ncej, ski boards, surfboards, archery bowstrings, thiab tsheb kauj vab sib tw log. Kev tshawb fawb thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb thiab kev tsim kho thiab kev lag luam ntawm PBO fibers tuaj yeem ua rau Tuam Tshoj kom tsis txhob muaj kev tswj hwm mus sij hawm ntev thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm txawv teb chaws technology thiab pib ntawm txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab, ci ntsa iab, thiab kev siv dav hauv kev tsim kho hauv tsev thiab loj. ntawm PBO fibers. Qhov no yuav pab txhawb rau kev txhim kho thiab kev siv cov khoom siv PBO ua tau zoo hauv Suav teb aerospace, kev tiv thaiv hauv tebchaws, tub rog, thiab kev lag luam pej xeem.
3.Fiber Khoom
Raws li Toyobo cov lus ceeb toom, nws cov khoom siv high-end PBO fiber ntau lub zog yog 5.8GPa (qhia raws li 5.2GPa hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees), nrog rau cov qauv ntawm 180GPa, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj fiber ntau uas twb muaj lawm; Nws tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub txog li 600 degree, thiab muaj qhov txwv tsis pub muaj cov pa oxygen ntawm 68, tsis kub hnyiab los yog shrinking nyob rau hauv cov nplaim taws, ua kom pom kev kub hnyiab thiab nplaim taws retardance dua lwm cov organic fiber. Nws yog feem ntau siv rau tshav kub-resistant industrial textiles thiab fiber-reinforced cov ntaub ntawv.
Kev sib piv ntawm PBO nrog rau lwm cov kev ua tau zoo fibers: lub zog, modulus, tshav kub tsis kam, thiab nplaim retardance ntawm PBO fiber, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws lub zog, tsis tsuas yog tshaj cov hlau fibers tab sis kuj tshaj cov carbon fibers. Ntxiv mus, PBO fiber ntau nthuav tawm cov kev cuam tshuam zoo heev, kev puas tsuaj, thiab qhov ruaj khov, thiab yog lub teeb thiab mos, ua rau nws yog ib qho khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws textile raw khoom.
PBO, raws li kev ua tau zoo fiber ntau ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st, muaj cov khoom zoo ntawm lub cev, txhua yam, thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Nws lub zog thiab modulus yog ob npaug ntawm Kevlar fibers thiab tseem muaj qhov ua kom sov thiab nplaim hluav taws kub ntawm cov meta-aramid fibers, nrog rau tag nrho lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg cov khoom uas ua tiav dhau ntawm Kevlar fibers, uas tau ua hauv kev ua haujlwm siab. fibers. Ib qho PBO filament nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 1 millimeter tuaj yeem nqa qhov hnyav ntawm 450 kilograms, uas yog ntau tshaj kaum npaug ntawm lub zog ntawm steel hlau fibers.
4.Nto hloov kho ntawm PBO fibers.
Lub interfacial shear zog (IFSS) nruab nrab ntawm PBO fibers thiab resin matrix tuaj yeem txhim kho, tab sis ntau tus neeg sawv cev sib txuas tuaj yeem ua rau cov txheej txheem sib txuas tuab ntawm tus neeg sawv cev sib txuas, uas ua rau txo IFSS. Plasma etching ntawm cov fiber ntau feem ntau cuam tshuam rau tus neeg sawv cev sib txuas, tsim cov txheej txheem sib txuas uas muab qee yam kev tiv thaiv rau cov fibers, yog li qhov poob ntawm σ ntawm PBO fibers tsis tseem ceeb. Kev soj ntsuam pom tau hais tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov txheej txheem kev sib txuas ntawm tus neeg sawv cev sib txuas thiab kev hloov kho ntshav plasma yog: A-187 coupling tus neeg saib xyuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm 2%, argon low-temperature plasma treatment time of 2 min, siab ntawm 50 Pa, thiab lub zog ntawm 30 W. Ntawm cov xaiv coupling agents, hom A-187 muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm kev txhim kho IFSS ntawm PBO fibers thiab epoxy resin, nrog rau cov ntsiab lus zoo ntawm 2%. (1) Thaum cov ntsiab lus A -187 yog 2%, thiab argon low-temperature plasma kho mob yog 2 min, 30 W, thiab 50 Pa, hloov PBO fibers 'IFSS tuaj yeem ncav cuag 10.44 MPa, uas yog 52% nce ntxiv piv rau kev siv tsuas yog A{18}} coupling tus neeg sawv cev rau kev hloov kho, thiab 78% nce piv rau cov thawj fibers 'IFSS. Lub wettability ntawm PBO fibers kuj tau txhim kho tau zoo. (2) Rau PBO fibers hloov kho los ntawm argon low-temperature plasma ua ke nrog tus neeg sawv cev sib txuas, qhov poob ntawm IFSS dhau lub sijhawm tsis tseem ceeb; qhov nce ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm kev sib cuag kuj tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb, uas qhia tau tias muaj kev nyiam rau kev ruaj ntseg, thiab tseem muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis. Cov nyhuv degradation ntawm PBO fibers hloov kho los ntawm argon low-temperature plasma ua ke nrog tus neeg sawv cev sib txuas tsis tau hais.
5. Kev npaj
PBO yog tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj polycondensation ntawm 4, 6-diaminoresorcinol dihydrochloride (tseem hu ua DAR·2HCl) nrog terephthalic acid nyob rau hauv ib qho hnyav ntawm polyphosphoric acid (PPA), los yog los ntawm lub cev qhuav dej siv P2O5. PPA ua haujlwm ob qho tib si ua kuab tshuaj thiab ua ib qho catalyst rau polycondensation. Lub synthesis ntawm monomer DAR·2HCl tau ua tiav los ntawm Dow Chemical Company hauv Tebchaws Meskas, pib los ntawm trichlorobenzene ua cov khoom siv raw. Txoj kev no zam kev tsim cov isomers thaum lub sijhawm sib xyaw, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig siab thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm PBO. Polymer dope yog spun siv cov txheej txheem qhuav-ntub, ua raws li kev ntxuav thiab ziab. Thaum yaj mus rau cov kua dej crystalline, kev siv cov kua siv lead ua kua tuaj yeem tsim cov qauv txuas ntxiv, nrog rau qhov pib spun fiber (AS fiber ntau - hom qauv) muaj zog tshaj 3.53 N / tex thiab elastic modulus tshaj 10.84 N / tex. Txhawm rau txhim kho lub modulus, kev kho cua sov tuaj yeem ua tau ntawm 600 degree, ua rau muaj qhov siab ntawm cov khoom siv fiber ntau (HM fiber ntau - hom modulus siab) nrog lub modulus txog li 176.4 N / tex thaum tuav tib lub zog.
6. Daim ntawv thov
PBO fibers yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lawv cov cua sov ua haujlwm zoo, siab zog, thiab siab modulus, ua rau lawv siv dav.
(1) Kev siv cov filament suav nrog cov khoom siv ntxiv rau cov khoom siv roj hmab xws li cov log tsheb, cov hlua khi, thiab cov hoses; reinforcing cov ntaub ntawv rau ntau yam yas thiab pob zeb; ntxiv dag zog rau cov khoom siv foob pob hluav taws thiab cov khoom sib xyaw; cov tswv cuab nruj thiab cov ntaub thaiv npog rau fiber ntau optic cables; txhawb fiber ntau rau cov xov hluav taws xob, lub mloog pob ntseg, thiab lwm cov xov hlau hloov tau yooj yim; high-tensile cov ntaub ntawv rau hlua thiab cables; cov ntaub ntawv lim cua kub-resistant rau high-temperature filtration; cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv rau cov cuaj luaj thiab cov mos txwv, cov tsho tiv thaiv cov mos txwv, cov kaus mom hlau tiv thaiv, thiab cov khoom siv dav hlau ua haujlwm siab; cov khoom ua si rau ntaus pob tesniv, speedboats, sib tw yachts; qib siab hais lus diaphragms, cov ntaub ntawv sib txuas lus tshiab; aerospace cov ntaub ntawv, thiab lwm yam.
(2) Kev siv cov fibers thiab cov ntaub so ntswg muaj xws li cov fibers reinforcing rau cov ntaub ntawv sib txhuam thiab sealing gaskets; txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv rau ntau yam resins thiab plastics, thiab lwm yam.
(3) Kev siv cov xov paj suav nrog cov khaub ncaws tua hluav taws; tshav kub-resistant workwear rau molten hlau tuav, xws li foundry thiab vuam apparel; cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv kev txiav tsis kam, hnab looj tes ruaj ntseg, thiab khau kev nyab xeeb; haiv neeg tsav tsheb suits, jockey outfits; ntau yam khaub ncaws ncaws pob thiab cov khoom ua si ncaws pob; Carrace pilot suits; anti-txiav khoom, thiab lwm yam.
(4) Kev siv cov fibers luv luv feem ntau suav nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo rau kev ua cov txhuas extrusion; cov ntaub ntawv lim cua kub-resistant rau high-temperature filtration; thermal tiv thaiv txoj siv sia, thiab lwm yam.